What is AQI and why measure it?
AQI or Air Quality Index is a standardized way of expressing
ambient air quality in a single number so that pollution intensity is easy to understand.
It helps communicate whether air is safe, moderately polluted, or hazardous for public health.
AQI is measured to support public health protection, environmental monitoring, pollution control
enforcement, exposure awareness, city management, institutional safety, and long-term trend analysis.
For organizations and public agencies, AQI dashboards help convert raw sensor data into actionable
intelligence.
Why monitoring matters
- Early identification of harmful pollution spikes
- Protection of children, elderly people, and those with respiratory conditions
- Evidence-based decisions for outdoor work, public activity, and ventilation
- Support for urban environmental management and reporting
What the measured parameters mean
- PM1: ultra-fine particulate matter that can penetrate deeply into the lungs and bloodstream.
- PM2.5: fine particulate matter widely used in AQI calculations; strongly linked to respiratory and cardiovascular risk.
- PM10: larger inhalable particles that affect the respiratory tract.
- Temperature: influences pollutant dispersion and environmental comfort.
- Humidity: affects particulate behavior, perception, and sensor environment.
- eCO₂: estimated carbon dioxide indicator used especially in ambient air quality context.
- TVOC: total volatile organic compounds, indicating airborne chemical pollutants from solvents, fuels, fumes, and indoor sources.
CPCB AQI classes and recommended limits
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) AQI framework classifies air quality into bands so
that the severity and likely health impact can be understood quickly.
Satisfactory
51–100
Minor breathing discomfort to sensitive people
Moderate
101–200
Breathing discomfort to people with lung or heart disease
Poor
201–300
Breathing discomfort on prolonged exposure
Very Poor
301–400
Respiratory illness on prolonged exposure
Severe
401–500
Serious health impact even for healthy people
Indicative safe / reference values
| Parameter |
Reference / Common Safe Limit |
Notes |
| PM2.5 |
60 µg/m³ (24-hour CPCB standard) |
Fine particles; important for AQI and health risk tracking. |
| PM10 |
100 µg/m³ (24-hour CPCB standard) |
Coarser inhalable particulate matter. |
| CO₂ / eCO₂ |
Ambient air comfort often preferred below 1000 ppm |
Higher values may indicate poor ventilation and flow. |
| TVOC |
Lower is better; ideally under a few hundred ppb indoors |
Depends heavily on environment and source type. |
| Temperature |
Context dependent |
Does not directly define AQI but supports environmental interpretation. |
| Humidity |
Context dependent |
Useful for comfort and sensor/environment context. |
Recommended response by AQI band
- 0–50: Normal activity acceptable.
- 51–100: Sensitive individuals should remain aware if exposure is prolonged.
- 101–200: Reduce intense outdoor activity for sensitive groups.
- 201–300: Limit prolonged outdoor exposure; consider masks and mitigation.
- 301–400: Avoid outdoor exertion where possible; mitigation action recommended.
- 401–500: Serious risk; strong protective and administrative control measures recommended.